VISUAL THINKING

Rudolf Arnheim

Table of Contents

01 Early Stirrings

Perception torn from thinking.

13 The Intelligence of Perception (i)

Perception as cognition.

37 The Intelligence of Perception (ii)

Subtracting the context.

54 Two and Two Together

Relations depend on structure.

80 The Past in the Present

Forces acting on memory.

97 The Images of Thought

What are mental images like?

116 Concepts Take Shape

Abstract gestures.

135 Pictures, Symbols, and Signs

The functions of images.

153 What Abstraction Is Not

A harmful dichotomy.

153 What Abstraction Is

Types and containers.

188 With Feet on the Ground

Abstraction as withdrawl.

208 Thinking With Pure Shapes

Numbers reflect life.

226 Words in Their Place

Can one think in words?

254 Art and Thought

Thinking in children's drawings.

274 Cosmological shapes.

Cosmological shapes.

254 Vision in Education

What is art for?

317 Notes

325 Bibliography

339 Index